The Hidden Toxins in Most Candles (And How to Avoid Them!)

Candles are often associated with relaxation, ambiance, and comfort. However, not all candles are created equal. Many commercially available candles contain harmful toxins that can pollute indoor air and pose potential health risks. This article will explore the common toxins found in paraffin wax and synthetic fragrances, how to identify truly clean candles, and tips for reading candle labels to ensure a safer choice for your home.

The Hidden Toxins in Paraffin Wax and Synthetic Fragrances

Paraffin Wax: A Petroleum-Derived Pollutant

Paraffin wax is the most widely used candle wax due to its low cost and ease of production. However, it is derived from petroleum, a non-renewable fossil fuel that undergoes chemical refinement and bleaching. When burned, paraffin candles release volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as:

• Benzene and Toluene: Both classified as carcinogens by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (Derudi et al., 2012).

• Formaldehyde: A respiratory irritant linked to increased risks of asthma and allergies (Uhde & Salthammer, 2007).

• Acetaldehyde and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs): Known to contribute to indoor air pollution and oxidative stress (Kim et al., 2019).

These toxins are particularly concerning in poorly ventilated spaces, where prolonged exposure may contribute to headaches, dizziness, respiratory issues, and even long-term health risks.

Synthetic Fragrances: Chemical Cocktails in the Air

Most scented candles contain synthetic fragrances made from a mix of phthalates, aldehydes, and artificial musks, which can have hormone-disrupting and allergenic properties (Steinemann, 2016). The Fragrance Disclosure Loophole allows companies to conceal the exact ingredients in their fragrance blends, making it difficult for consumers to know what they are inhaling.

Some common harmful fragrance additives include:

• Phthalates: Linked to endocrine disruption and reproductive harm (Duty et al., 2005).

• Limonene & Linalool: Can react with indoor ozone to form formaldehyde (Nazaroff & Weschler, 2004).

• Synthetic Musks (Galaxolide, Tonalide): Bioaccumulative and associated with environmental persistence and hormonal disruption (Eschke et al., 2019).

How to Identify Truly Clean Candles

To avoid harmful chemicals, it's crucial to know how to spot truly non-toxic, clean-burning candles. Here’s what to look for:

1. Wax Type Matters

• Best Choices: 100% beeswax or coconut wax (naturally sourced, toxin-free, and slow-burning).

• Avoid: Paraffin and paraffin-blend candles (even if labeled as “soy blend” or “natural wax blend”), Soy wax.

  
  

2. Fragrance Transparency

• Look for: Essential oils or natural plant-based fragrances.

• Avoid: “Fragrance” or “parfum” on ingredient labels, which often indicate synthetic chemicals.

• Best practice: Choose unscented candles or those scented with organic essential oils.

  
  

3. Wick Composition

• Best Choice: 100% cotton, hemp, or wooden wicks (free of metal cores).

• Avoid: Wicks with a metal core (sometimes containing lead), which can release heavy metals when burned (Turner & Solman, 2001).

  
  

Tips for Reading Candle Labels

Many candles use misleading marketing terms such as “natural” or “clean-burning” without clear ingredient disclosures. To make informed decisions, consider these label-reading tips:

1. Check for Full Ingredient Disclosure – Brands that openly list wax type, fragrance sources, and wick materials are typically more trustworthy.

2. Beware of Blends – If a candle is labeled as a “soy blend” or “wax blend,” it likely contains paraffin.

3. Look for Certifications – USDA Organic, EcoCert, or Leaping Bunny (cruelty-free) certifications can indicate higher ingredient standards.

4. Smell Test Before Buying – Strong artificial scents are often a sign of synthetic fragrance additives.

   
   

Many conventional candles contain harmful paraffin wax, synthetic fragrances, and toxic wicks that can compromise indoor air quality and overall health. By choosing 100% beeswax or coconut wax candles with essential oil-based fragrances and natural fiber or wood wicks, you can enjoy a cleaner, healthier home environment. Always read labels carefully and support brands that prioritize transparency and sustainability.

Switching to non-toxic candles is a simple yet impactful step toward creating a healthier indoor space for yourself and your loved ones.

References

• Derudi, M., Gelosa, S., Sliepcevich, A., Cattaneo, A., Rota, R., & Cavallo, D. M. (2012). Emissions of air pollutants from scented candles burning in indoor environments. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 19(8), 3332-3339.

• Duty, S. M., Ackerman, R. M., Calafat, A. M., & Hauser, R. (2005). Personal care product use predicts urinary concentrations of some phthalate monoesters. Environmental Health Perspectives, 113(11), 1530-1535.

• Eschke, H. D., John, A., Koch, H., & Hauthal, H. G. (2019). Synthetic musks in environmental samples and human exposure. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 54(5), 445-460.

• Kim, K. H., Jahan, S. A., & Kabir, E. (2019). A review on indoor air quality and health risks from candles. Environmental International, 128, 236-247.

• Nazaroff, W. W., & Weschler, C. J. (2004). Cleaning products and air fresheners: Exposure to primary and secondary air pollutants. Atmospheric Environment, 38(18), 2841-2865.

• Steinemann, A. (2016). Fragranced consumer products: exposures and effects from emissions. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 9(3), 273-277.

• Turner, A., & Solman, K. R. (2001). Lead in consumer products. Environmental Science & Technology, 35(15), 317A-323A.

• Uhde, E., & Salthammer, T. (2007). Impact of reaction products from building materials and furnishings on indoor air quality—A review of recent advances in indoor chemistry. Atmospheric Environment, 41(15), 3111-3128.